How to Apply for Firefighting

How to apply for firefighting? It’s a question burning brighter than a thousand infernos! Seriously though, becoming a firefighter is an incredible journey, a path paved with courage, skill, and a whole lot of heart. This isn’t just about filling out forms; it’s about proving you’ve got what it takes to face danger head-on, to work as part of an unstoppable team, and to make a real difference in people’s lives.

Think you have the mettle? Let’s dive into the exciting process of becoming a hero in your community. This guide will walk you through every step, from meeting the eligibility requirements to acing that interview – and yes, even surviving the infamous physical tests!

The path to becoming a firefighter is rigorous, demanding both physical and mental strength. It requires dedication, resilience, and a commitment to serving others. But don’t let that intimidate you! With the right preparation and a positive attitude, you can absolutely achieve your dream. We’ll cover everything from age and education requirements to the physical tests, medical evaluations, and the all-important interview process.

We’ll also explore the crucial skills needed, potential career paths, and ongoing training opportunities. Get ready to embark on this thrilling adventure – let’s get started!

Eligibility Requirements

So, you want to be a firefighter? That’s fantastic! It’s a challenging but incredibly rewarding career path. Before you rush off to fill out applications, let’s talk about what it takes to even get your foot in the door. Meeting the eligibility requirements is the first crucial hurdle – and we’ll navigate it together. Think of this as your pre-flight checklist before embarking on this exciting journey.

Becoming a firefighter isn’t just about bravery; it requires a specific set of qualifications and physical capabilities. Various regions have slightly different criteria, but the core requirements remain consistent. Let’s dive into the details to make sure you’re well-prepared.

Minimum Age Requirements

The minimum age for firefighter applicants varies depending on location. Some departments may require applicants to be at least 18 years old, while others might set the bar higher, at 21. Large city fire departments often have stricter age limits than smaller, volunteer departments. Always check the specific requirements of the fire department you’re applying to, as this information is readily available on their websites or application materials.

Don’t assume; verify!

Educational Qualifications and Certifications

While some departments might accept high school diplomas or GED equivalents, many prefer applicants with some college education or specific certifications. Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) certification is a significant advantage, often boosting your chances considerably. Associate’s or Bachelor’s degrees in fire science or related fields can also give you a competitive edge. Think of these qualifications as your secret weapons in the application process – the more you have, the stronger your candidacy.

Physical Fitness Standards

Firefighting is physically demanding. Applicants must demonstrate exceptional physical fitness. Expect rigorous physical ability tests, often including a variety of components. These tests usually assess strength, endurance, and agility. Common examples include the CPAT (Candidate Physical Ability Test), which involves tasks like stair climbing, hose dragging, and forcible entry simulations.

Other departments might use variations of these tests or develop their own, but the core principles remain the same: strength, stamina, and the ability to perform under pressure. Imagine yourself carrying a person out of a burning building – that’s the kind of physical prowess required. Start training early and consistently.

Background Checks and Criminal History

Thorough background checks are standard practice. This process involves scrutinizing your past to ensure you meet the high ethical standards required of a firefighter. Serious criminal convictions, particularly those involving violence or dishonesty, will likely disqualify you. Even minor infractions might be carefully reviewed. Honesty and transparency are paramount during this stage.

Think of this as an opportunity to showcase your integrity and suitability for the job. A clean record is a huge asset.

Citizenship and Residency Requirements

Many fire departments require applicants to be U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents. Some departments may also have residency requirements, meaning you need to live within a specific geographical area. These requirements aim to ensure that firefighters are readily available to serve their community effectively. Carefully review the specific requirements of your target department.

So, you want to be a firefighter? It’s a thrilling career! First, you’ll need to gather your application materials, including proof of identity. This often involves having a SIN card; you can find out how to get one by checking out this helpful guide: how to apply for a sin card in ontario. Once you’ve got that sorted, you’re one step closer to tackling those fiery challenges and becoming a true hero! Remember, bravery and a solid application are key to joining the ranks.

Don’t let this phase catch you off guard – ensure you meet these requirements before you even begin your application.

Application Process Steps

So, you’re ready to embark on an exciting journey – becoming a firefighter! It’s a challenging but incredibly rewarding path, and the first step is navigating the application process. Think of this as your first fire to conquer – a paperwork blaze, if you will, but with a much happier ending. Let’s get you prepared and ready to tackle it head-on.

This isn’t just about filling out forms; it’s about showcasing your dedication and commitment to a life of service.

The Application Process: A Step-by-Step Guide

The application process varies slightly depending on the department, but the core steps remain consistent. It’s a bit like a well-choreographed dance – each step builds upon the previous one, leading you closer to your goal. Let’s break it down into manageable chunks. Remember, thoroughness is key; a well-prepared application is your best ally.

Online Application Process

Submitting your application online is usually straightforward. Most departments utilize applicant tracking systems (ATS). These systems guide you through each field, making sure you don’t miss anything. Think of it as a friendly digital assistant helping you on your journey. Be meticulous in completing each section; accuracy is paramount.

Ensure your uploaded documents are clear, legible, and in the correct format (PDFs are generally preferred). Double-check everything before submitting – a rushed application might be overlooked. Treat it like crafting a finely tuned engine – every part must be perfect for optimal performance.

Submitting Physical Application Forms

While many departments have transitioned to online applications, some might still require physical forms. If so, ensure the form is completely filled out, neatly written (or typed), and signed. Double-check for any missing information, ensuring all requested documents are attached. Mail the application via certified mail to ensure it arrives safely and that you have proof of submission.

Remember, a crisp, clean, and accurately filled-out application shows respect for the process and the department. This step, though seemingly simple, is a crucial demonstration of your attention to detail.

Entrance Examinations and Assessments

The entrance examinations are designed to assess your physical fitness, mental acuity, and overall suitability for the job. The physical agility test might involve running, climbing, and carrying weighted objects – think of it as a fun, high-intensity workout! The written exam will test your knowledge of firefighting techniques and procedures. The interview will assess your personality, teamwork skills, and problem-solving abilities.

Preparation is key to succeeding in these assessments. Research the specific requirements for your chosen department and practice accordingly. Remember, your performance here is a testament to your readiness and commitment. This is your opportunity to shine!

Physical and Medical Examinations

So, you’ve navigated the application process, and you’re ready to prove you’ve got what it takes. The physical and medical evaluations are a crucial next step, a chance to showcase your strength, resilience, and overall health – all essential attributes for a firefighter. Think of it as a final audition, a chance to demonstrate you’re ready to answer the call.Becoming a firefighter demands peak physical condition and robust health.

This section details the common components of the physical fitness tests and medical examinations you can expect. Understanding what’s involved will help you prepare effectively and confidently face this challenge.

Physical Fitness Test Components

The physical fitness test is designed to assess your strength, endurance, and agility – the very qualities you’ll need to perform your duties safely and effectively. Expect a battery of tests, typically including a timed run, sit-ups, push-ups, and potentially a stair climb or other agility-based exercises. Specific requirements vary by department, so checking the specifics of your target department is essential.

Think of it as a rigorous workout, but with a purpose. You’re not just proving your fitness; you’re demonstrating your commitment to the job. Many departments provide sample tests or training resources to help you prepare. For instance, a common test might involve a 1.5-mile run within a specific time frame, a set number of push-ups and sit-ups, and a timed obstacle course designed to mimic real-life firefighting scenarios.

The goal is to show you can handle the physical demands of the job, day in and day out.

Medical Examinations

Beyond physical prowess, your overall health is paramount. The medical examination is comprehensive and aims to identify any conditions that might compromise your ability to perform the job or put yourself or your team at risk. Expect a thorough check-up, including blood pressure, height and weight measurements, urinalysis, and possibly an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart health. A chest X-ray is also standard to check for any lung abnormalities.

The process is designed to ensure you’re physically fit enough to handle the pressures and demands of the job. This isn’t about disqualifying you; it’s about ensuring your safety and the safety of others. Think of it as a proactive measure to ensure you’re prepared for the challenges ahead. It’s about building a team of healthy, capable individuals ready to tackle any situation.

Visual Acuity and Hearing Tests

Clear vision and hearing are absolutely vital for a firefighter. Visual acuity tests will assess your ability to see clearly at various distances, both with and without corrective lenses. These tests ensure you can see clearly in low-light conditions and quickly identify hazards. Similarly, hearing tests will determine your ability to hear clearly, even amidst the chaos and loud noises of an emergency situation.

These tests are not meant to be intimidating; they’re essential safety measures. The ability to clearly see and hear instructions and warnings is critical for effective teamwork and safe operations. Passing these tests means you can reliably perform your duties, ensuring your safety and the safety of your colleagues.

Disclosing Pre-existing Medical Conditions

Honesty is key throughout the application process, and this is especially true when it comes to disclosing any pre-existing medical conditions. Full transparency ensures the department can make informed decisions about your suitability for the role and can take appropriate precautions to safeguard your health and safety. Openly sharing relevant information allows the medical team to assess how your condition might affect your ability to perform the job and to recommend any necessary accommodations.

Remember, the goal is not to exclude you; it’s to ensure your well-being and the effectiveness of the team. Don’t let fear or apprehension prevent you from being completely upfront. Your honesty will contribute to a safer and more supportive work environment for everyone. It’s a partnership, and your health is a crucial part of that partnership.

So, you want to be a firefighter? It’s a brave and noble path! The application process involves physical tests, interviews, and demonstrating your commitment to service. Think of it like this: the paperwork might seem intense, much like navigating the regulations for obtaining a permit, such as figuring out how to apply for a silencer (a whole different kind of heat!).

But remember, the rewards are immense; you’ll be saving lives and making a real difference. Just like any challenging application, perseverance pays off, so keep that fire burning within!

The Interview Process

So, you’ve conquered the application, aced the physical, and emerged victorious from the medical examination. Congratulations! Now comes the next hurdle: the interview. Think of this not as an interrogation, but as a conversation – a chance to showcase the incredible person you are and why you’re the perfect fit for the fire service. It’s your opportunity to shine, to let your personality and skills illuminate the room.This stage is crucial; it’s where the panel gets to know the

So, you want to be a firefighter? It’s a brave and rewarding path! The application process usually involves physical tests and interviews, but first, you’ll need to get your ducks in a row – literally, think about all the paperwork. For example, securing financial aid might involve learning how to apply for a UCAS card, which you can find out more about here: how to apply for a ucas card.

Once that’s sorted, you’ll be one step closer to tackling those application forms and ultimately, becoming the hero you were born to be. Remember, courage isn’t the absence of fear, it’s facing it head-on!

real* you, beyond the impressive qualifications on paper. They’re looking for someone who embodies the values of a firefighter

courage, teamwork, leadership, and a genuine commitment to serving the community. Remember, they’re not just looking for someone who can handle a hose; they’re searching for a team player who can handle pressure, work effectively under stress, and contribute positively to the team dynamic.

So, you want to be a firefighter? It’s a brave choice! The application process involves physical tests, interviews, and background checks. Life throws curveballs, though – sometimes you need to navigate other significant processes, like, say, finding out how to legally untangle yourself from a marriage; for that, check out this resource on how to apply for divorce india.

But back to firefighting: remember, courage and dedication are key ingredients in your application. Show them your grit, and you’ll be one step closer to answering that call!

Common Interview Questions, How to apply for firefighting

The interview process often involves a series of questions designed to assess your suitability for the role. Expect a mix of behavioral questions (exploring past experiences to predict future behavior) and situational questions (testing your problem-solving abilities in hypothetical scenarios). For instance, you might be asked about a time you failed, how you handled a stressful situation, or how you would react to a specific emergency.

Preparing for these questions is key. Consider the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to structure your answers, providing concrete examples that demonstrate your skills and abilities. A well-structured response will help you stand out from the crowd.

Demonstrating Teamwork and Leadership

Firefighting is inherently a team effort. Your ability to work collaboratively and effectively within a team is paramount. During the interview, highlight instances where you demonstrated teamwork, perhaps through a group project at school or a collaborative effort in a previous job. Showcase your ability to contribute, listen actively, and resolve conflicts constructively. Leadership isn’t just about being in charge; it’s about motivating and inspiring others.

Think about times when you’ve taken initiative, mentored colleagues, or guided a team towards a common goal. Use specific examples to illustrate these qualities. The interviewers want to see evidence, not just claims.

Preparing for a Panel Interview

Panel interviews can feel intimidating, but with the right preparation, you can approach them with confidence. Research the panel members beforehand if possible; understanding their roles and responsibilities can help tailor your responses. Practice answering common interview questions out loud, perhaps with a friend or family member acting as the panel. This will help you refine your responses and feel more comfortable during the actual interview.

Remember to maintain eye contact with each member of the panel, showing respect and engagement. Prepare some questions to ask the panel; showing genuine interest demonstrates your proactive nature. Above all, relax, breathe, and let your personality shine through. You’ve got this!

Sample Response: Handling Stress

Let’s say you’re asked: “Describe a time you experienced significant stress at work or in a volunteer role, and how you managed it.” Here’s a sample response incorporating the STAR method: “During my time volunteering with the local search and rescue team, we faced a challenging situation during a blizzard. The search area was vast and conditions were extremely dangerous (Situation).

My task was to coordinate the team and ensure everyone’s safety while effectively searching for a missing hiker (Task). I delegated tasks based on individual strengths, maintained clear communication, and implemented a strict safety protocol to mitigate the risks (Action). Through careful planning and effective teamwork, we successfully located the hiker, ensuring their safe return, and demonstrating the team’s resilience and preparedness under extreme pressure (Result).” This response showcases problem-solving skills, teamwork, and leadership under pressure – all highly valued attributes in a firefighter.

Firefighter Training and Academies

So, you’ve navigated the application process, aced the physicals, and charmed your way through the interview. Congratulations! Now comes the exciting, challenging, and ultimately rewarding part: firefighter training. Think of it as boot camp meets college, with a healthy dose of adrenaline thrown in. This intensive period shapes you into a professional firefighter, ready to face any emergency.

It’s a journey of transformation, both physically and mentally, forging you into a member of a close-knit team dedicated to saving lives and protecting property.Getting ready to become a firefighter involves a serious commitment to training. It’s not just about learning how to use a hose; it’s about mastering complex skills and strategies in a high-pressure environment. This training prepares you for the unexpected, ensuring you are confident and competent when facing real-world emergencies.

Think of it as a crucial stepping stone on the path to becoming a true hero.

So, you want to be a firefighter? It’s a thrilling career path, requiring physical prowess and a cool head under pressure. The application process itself can be a bit of a fiery trial, but don’t worry! Think of it as a training exercise. You’ll need physical assessments, background checks – the whole shebang. But hey, if you can handle that, securing an SIA license, which might be necessary depending on your specific role, by checking out how to apply for an sia license , is a piece of cake! Once you’ve tackled that, you’ll be one step closer to answering that siren’s call and embarking on an amazing journey as a true hero.

Types of Firefighter Training Programs

Several pathways exist to becoming a qualified firefighter. The training you’ll undergo varies depending on your location and the specific requirements of the hiring department. Some departments might offer their own in-house academies, while others might utilize regional training centers or community colleges. Choosing the right path depends on your individual circumstances and career goals.

• Firefighter I/II Academies: These are foundational programs covering basic firefighting skills and knowledge. Firefighter I typically covers the essentials, while Firefighter II builds upon this foundation with more advanced techniques.
• Specialized Training Programs: These programs focus on specific areas like hazardous materials (HazMat) response, rescue techniques (high-angle, confined space, water rescue), or wildland firefighting. They build upon the basic firefighter training.
• Apprenticeship Programs: Some jurisdictions offer apprenticeships where you gain on-the-job training while working alongside experienced firefighters. This hands-on experience complements classroom learning.
• Associate’s or Bachelor’s Degree Programs: Several colleges and universities offer associate’s or bachelor’s degrees in fire science, providing a broader education in fire prevention, investigation, and emergency management.

Curriculum of a Typical Firefighter Academy

Imagine a whirlwind of intense learning, practical drills, and rigorous physical training. A typical academy curriculum is demanding, pushing you to your physical and mental limits. It’s designed to prepare you for the unpredictable nature of firefighting.The curriculum generally includes classroom instruction and hands-on training covering:

• Fire Behavior and Suppression: Understanding how fires start, spread, and are extinguished. This includes learning about different types of fires, extinguishing agents, and fire suppression strategies.
• Emergency Medical Services (EMS): Firefighters often provide the first line of medical response. Training covers basic life support (BLS), CPR, and emergency medical techniques.
• Rescue Techniques: Mastering various rescue techniques, including vehicle extrication, high-angle rescue, and confined space rescue, is critical.
• Hazardous Materials (HazMat) Response: Learning to identify, handle, and mitigate hazardous materials incidents is crucial for firefighter safety and public protection.
• Building Construction and Fire Investigation: Understanding building construction helps firefighters strategize during emergencies, while fire investigation skills aid in determining the cause of fires.
• Physical Fitness and Self-Defense: Maintaining peak physical condition and learning self-defense techniques are essential for firefighter safety and effectiveness.
• Teamwork and Communication: Effective teamwork and clear communication are paramount in high-pressure situations. Training emphasizes collaboration and clear communication strategies.

Comparison of Firefighter Academy Programs

Training programs vary significantly across different jurisdictions. Some academies might emphasize a more hands-on, practical approach, while others might prioritize theoretical knowledge. The length of the programs can also vary, ranging from several weeks to several months. For example, a rural department’s academy might focus heavily on wildland firefighting, while a large city’s academy might emphasize high-rise building fires and advanced rescue techniques.

The level of rigor and the specific skills taught are often tailored to the unique challenges faced by firefighters in that particular area. Some programs might incorporate more advanced technology and simulation training, while others might rely more on traditional methods.

Knowledge Required for Successful Academy Completion

Successful completion of a firefighter academy demands a unique blend of physical prowess, mental resilience, and a deep understanding of firefighting principles. You need to be able to handle the physical demands of the job – carrying heavy equipment, working in extreme temperatures, and performing strenuous tasks for extended periods. Equally important is the mental fortitude to remain calm and focused under pressure, making sound decisions in high-stakes situations.

Furthermore, a solid understanding of fire science, emergency medical procedures, and rescue techniques is essential. Finally, the ability to work effectively as part of a team is crucial. The academy isn’t just about individual achievement; it’s about developing a cohesive unit capable of responding to emergencies efficiently and safely. It’s a test of your limits, pushing you to become the best version of yourself – a firefighter ready to serve and protect.

Essential Skills and Qualities: How To Apply For Firefighting

Becoming a firefighter is about more than just battling blazes; it’s about possessing a unique blend of skills and unwavering dedication. This isn’t a job for the faint of heart, but for those with the right stuff, it’s a deeply rewarding career path. Let’s explore the key elements that forge a successful firefighter.

Crucial Skills for Firefighters

The ability to thrive in this demanding profession hinges on a specific set of skills. Mastering these will not only increase your chances of getting hired but will also significantly impact your safety and effectiveness on the job. These skills aren’t just learned in the academy; they are honed through experience and a relentless commitment to improvement.

• Physical Fitness: This isn’t just about looking good in uniform; it’s about having the stamina to carry heavy equipment, navigate challenging terrain, and perform strenuous tasks under immense pressure. Imagine lugging a hose weighing hundreds of pounds up several flights of stairs while battling a raging inferno. That requires peak physical condition.
• Problem-Solving Abilities: Every fire is unique. Quick thinking and decisive action are paramount. Firefighters must assess the situation rapidly, identify hazards, and develop effective strategies on the spot, often under extreme time constraints. Think of it like a real-life puzzle, where every piece needs to fit perfectly to save lives and property.
• Technical Proficiency: From operating complex equipment to understanding building construction and fire dynamics, technical expertise is vital. This involves mastering the use of hoses, ladders, cutting tools, and other specialized equipment, alongside a deep understanding of how fires spread and how structures react under intense heat. It’s a constant learning process, requiring continuous updates and training.
• Communication Skills: Clear and concise communication is critical, both within the team and with civilians. In the heat of a crisis, miscommunication can have catastrophic consequences. This includes effectively relaying information, following orders, and working collaboratively under pressure to achieve a common goal – saving lives and protecting property.
• Decision-Making Under Pressure: Firefighting is a high-stakes environment. Decisions made in split seconds can determine life or death. The ability to remain calm, assess the situation accurately, and make sound judgments under intense pressure is a defining characteristic of a successful firefighter. It’s about making the right choice, even when the stakes are incredibly high.

Physical Strength and Endurance

The physical demands of firefighting are immense. Carrying heavy equipment, scaling buildings, and battling intense heat require exceptional physical strength and stamina. Think of it as a marathon, not a sprint. Regular intense physical training is not just recommended; it’s absolutely essential for survival and effectiveness in this profession. Failure to maintain peak physical condition puts both the firefighter and the community at risk.

It’s a commitment to self-care that translates directly into life-saving actions.

Teamwork and Communication

Firefighting is inherently a team sport. Effective teamwork and clear communication are not merely desirable traits; they are absolutely fundamental to success. Imagine a coordinated dance, where each member knows their role and executes their movements precisely. This synchronized effort, fueled by trust and open communication, ensures efficient and safe operations. A breakdown in communication can lead to chaos and jeopardize the entire operation.

Problem-Solving in Firefighting Scenarios

Problem-solving skills are constantly put to the test in firefighting. For instance, imagine a fire in a multi-story building with trapped civilians. Firefighters must quickly assess the situation, determine the safest approach, and coordinate rescue efforts while simultaneously battling the blaze. Another example: a hazardous materials spill requires rapid identification of the substance, containment strategies, and evacuation procedures.

Every scenario demands innovative thinking, adaptability, and a deep understanding of the principles of fire behavior and emergency response. It’s a continuous process of adapting to ever-changing circumstances.

Career Progression and Advancement

So, you’ve made it! You’re a firefighter – a true hero in your community. But the journey doesn’t end there. The fire service offers a surprisingly diverse and rewarding career path, full of opportunities for growth and specialization. Think of it less as a job and more as a dynamic, ever-evolving adventure.

Let’s explore the exciting possibilities that await you as you climb the ladder (pun intended!). The path forward isn’t a straight line; it’s a network of interconnected opportunities, allowing you to tailor your career to your strengths and passions.

Potential Career Paths and Specializations

Imagine this: you start as a Firefighter, learning the ropes, mastering the basics, and becoming a vital part of your station’s team. Then, with experience and dedication, you might move up to a Fire Engineer, responsible for the maintenance and operation of the fire apparatus. Think of it as being the mechanic and the pilot all rolled into one! From there, you could become a Lieutenant, supervising a crew and leading them in the face of danger.

The next step? Captain, overseeing an entire company and making critical decisions under immense pressure. Beyond that, you could aim for Battalion Chief, managing multiple companies and coordinating resources across a wider area. Each step brings new challenges, responsibilities, and rewards, constantly pushing you to learn and grow.

But it doesn’t stop at leadership positions. Many firefighters discover their passion lies in specialized roles. Think about becoming a Fire Investigator, meticulously piecing together the puzzle of fire origins. Or perhaps you’re drawn to the technical side, becoming a Fire Prevention Specialist, educating the community and helping prevent fires before they start. Imagine yourself as a paramedic, using your skills to save lives in medical emergencies.

Or a hazmat specialist, dealing with dangerous materials, protecting your community from unseen threats. The possibilities are as diverse as the individuals who serve. It’s a field where you can truly find your niche and make a significant impact.

Continuing Education and Professional Development

The fire service is a field that demands continuous learning. The technology changes, the tactics evolve, and the challenges become more complex. That’s why ongoing education and professional development are not just encouraged, they’re essential for career advancement and staying at the top of your game. Think of it as a lifelong commitment to excellence, a journey of continuous self-improvement.

Opportunities abound. You can pursue advanced certifications in areas like hazardous materials, rescue techniques, or fire investigation. Colleges and universities offer specialized degrees and programs in fire science and emergency management, allowing you to deepen your knowledge and enhance your skills. Conferences, workshops, and online courses provide ongoing updates on the latest techniques and technologies. Think of it as a personal investment in your future – an investment that pays off in increased job satisfaction, higher earning potential, and greater leadership opportunities.

Career Changes Within the Fire Service

Life is full of surprises, and your career path might take unexpected turns. That’s okay! The fire service is remarkably adaptable, offering opportunities for lateral moves and career shifts. Perhaps you’ve spent years on the front lines and are now ready for a change of pace. Maybe you’re looking for a less physically demanding role while still contributing your expertise.

The possibilities are many. You might transition into a training role, mentoring and guiding the next generation of firefighters. Or perhaps a role in administration, using your experience to manage budgets, personnel, and resources. Even a move to a different department, exploring new challenges and environments, is entirely feasible. The point is, the fire service values experience and expertise.

It’s a career that allows for growth, adaptation, and the pursuit of new challenges throughout your working life. It’s a field that respects the diverse paths its dedicated individuals choose to follow.